![]() If thou examinest a man having a break in his collar-bone and thou shouldst find his collar-bone short and separated from its fellow, thou shouldst say concerning him, 'One having a break in his collar-bone, an ailment which I will treat.' Instructions concerning a break in his collar bone. One of the most clearly described cases (Case 35) details management of a patient with a fracture of the clavicle ( Fig. To this extent, the Edwin Smith papyrus represents the origin, and earliest record of medical triage. The latter comprises those cases regarded as incurable, such as a case of cervical spinal injury with quadriplegia (Case 31), and another of a depressed temporal bone fracture with aphasia (Case 8). The papyrus consists of systematically arranged accounts of 48 trauma cases, rather than instructional dicta, starting with the head and proceeding caudad, but below the thorax and spine is absent.Ħ throat and neck injuries (cases 28 to 33)Ģ injuries to the clavicle (cases 34 to 35)Ĩ injuries to the sternum and ribs (cases 39 to 46)Įach case is classified by one of three different verdicts: 1) ‘An ailment that I will treat’ 2) ‘An ailment with which I will contend’ or 3) ‘An ailment not to be treated’. The authorship remains a matter of debate, some even attributing it to Imhotep (circa 2650 to 2600 BC), an architect, high priest, and physician of the Old Kingdom. 1īreasted argues that the Edwin Smith Papyrus is in fact a later copy of an ancient manuscript, containing the original author's text from 3000 to 2500 BC, combined with a later compendium of 69 explanatory notes. A translation, transliteration and discussion were published by Breasted in 1930. After Smith’s death in 1906, the papyrus was donated by his daughter to the New York Historical Society, allowing James Henry Breasted to study it from 1920 onwards. The manuscript was acquired in Luxor in 1862 by the American Edwin Smith, a pioneer Egyptologist, who bought it from an Egyptian dealer named Mustafa Agha. ![]() The manuscript was so extensive that it runs to more than 15 feet in length. The papyrus dates from the 17th century BC, and is arguably the earliest known surgical treatise. The Edwin Smith Papyrus only refers to metaphysical spells only twice, and is almost entirely analytical. ![]() Other medical papyri exist, such as the Ebers Papyrus and London Medical Papyrus, but they are largely rooted in magic. Perhaps the most valuable text on medicine from this period of the ancient world is the so-called Edwin Smith Papyrus. Indeed, a proportion of what we now regard as up-to-date orthopaedic and trauma care can trace its roots back to ancient Egypt. Yet the musculoskeletal care of those times was far from primitive. The disease burdens of trauma, as well as orthopaedic conditions, are well-evidenced. ![]() Massive civil engineering projects, war and disease brought a great variety of medical conditions on the Egyptians. Ancient Egypt was a thriving and bustling civilisation. ![]()
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